Working handler code.v0.1.0

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+/target
+**/*.rs.bk
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
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+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
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+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
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+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
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+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
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+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
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diff --git a/COPYING.LESSER b/COPYING.LESSER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a04128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING.LESSER
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21623b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "clint"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "CLosure INTerrupt handlers."
+categories = ["no-std", "embedded", "hardware-support", "asynchronous"]
+keywords = ["interrupt", "peripheral"]
+license = "LGPL-3.0-or-later"
+authors = ["Brian Cully <bjc@kublai.com>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/bjc/clint"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+cortex-m = "~0.6"
+compiletest_rs = "~0.3"
+
+[dev-dependencies.cortex-m-rt]
+version = "~0.6"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36a8e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# CLosure INTerrupt handlers
+
+This crate allows you to use closures for interrupt handlers in a
+heapless, no-std environment.
+
+# Example Code
+
+See the `examples` directory for some simple examples.
+
+For a slightly more complex example [this
+repository](https://github.com/bjc/nrf52-demo.git) uses clint to blink
+some LEDs and measure temperature across a number of interrupts and
+exceptions.
diff --git a/examples/dummy.rs b/examples/dummy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e7c237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/dummy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use clint::Handler;
+
+// Wrapper used to call through to `example_handler` via `closure` in
+// `main`. `Handler::new()` places a do-nothing handler in this at
+// compile-time, in case the interrupt using this handler is fired
+// before being `replace`d in `main`.
+static mut HANDLER: Handler = Handler::new();
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut x: u32 = 0;
+
+    // Create a closure to take a mutable reference to `x` for use in
+    // `example_handler`.
+    let closure = move || example_handler(&mut x);
+
+    // Swap out the do-nothing handler with our closure that calls
+    // through to `example_handler`. Ideally, the interrupt which uses
+    // this handler would be disabled while this happens, but as this
+    // is a demo, and there aren't any actual interrupts firing, this
+    // is left as an exercise to the reader.
+    unsafe { HANDLER.replace(&closure) };
+
+    // Simulate firing the interrupt.
+    dummy_interrupt();
+    dummy_interrupt();
+
+    // Because `x` is `Copy`, we still have access to the symbol,
+    // although its value won't be changed by `closure`.
+    println!("x(o): {}", x);
+}
+
+// Not a real interrupt handler, but called like one. i.e.: simple
+// function with no arguments.
+//
+// Calls through `HANDLER` to do its actual work.
+fn dummy_interrupt() {
+    unsafe { HANDLER.call() };
+}
+
+// The meat of the interrupt handler, which does work with whatever
+// params were passed in via `closure` in `main`.
+fn example_handler(x: &mut u32) {
+    // Update our dummy value, just to show it works.
+    *x += 2;
+    println!("x: {}", x);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..39cbfb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![feature(const_fn)]
+#![feature(test)]
+
+//! Call closures from interrupt handlers.
+//!
+//! # Motivation
+//!
+//! Existing solutions for interrupt handlers typically revolve around
+//! wrapping resources needed by the handler in an `Option`, wrapped
+//! in a `RefCell` wrapped in an `Mutex`, incurring some run-time
+//! overhead every time the resource is required in the interrupt
+//! handler, in addition to a fair amount of boilerplate. This module
+//! attempts to leverage Rust's borrow checker and move semantics to
+//! allow interrupt handlers to directly use their resources with a
+//! minimum of overhead.
+//!
+//! To accomplish this, we use a closure which is called by an
+//! interrupt handler. Because the closure has access to its
+//! environment, we can use `move`, references, and mutable references
+//! to ensure that variables are available as necessary to the
+//! interrupt handler, while leveraging the borrow checker to ensure
+//! safety at compile time. The only overhead is what it takes to call
+//! the closure itself.
+//!
+//! # Safety
+//!
+//! While this module endeavors to use Rust's safety guarantees to
+//! allow for use of resources inside interrupt handlers, due to
+//! expected use-cases, closure semantics, and how interrupt handlers
+//! are invoked from hardware, certain operations cannot be done
+//! safely at this level.
+//!
+//! Notably, for the handler to be useful when called from interrupt
+//! context, it needs to be stored in a `static mut` variable. This
+//! means that the closure you supply it must also be effectively
+//! `static` or replaced with a longer-lived closure before it goes
+//! out of scope. `Handler::default_handler()` is provided for this
+//! purpose.
+//!
+//! Additionally, replacement of an interrupt handler's closure may
+//! race with the calling of the interrupt handler's closure (i.e.,
+//! `Handler.replace()` may happen concurrently with
+//! `Handler.call()`). You need to avoid this situation however is
+//! appropriate for your code. The expected usage would be replacing
+//! the handler`s closure once, while interrupts are disabled, thus
+//! preventing the simultaneous replace/call problem. As this module
+//! makes no assumptions about the environment in which it will be
+//! used, this cannot be done for you.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//!
+//! This example for an ARM Cortex-M system demonstrates safe usage by
+//! only replacing the closure for `SYSTICK_HANDLER` inside a critical
+//! section obtained by `cortex_m::interrupt::free()`, and shows how
+//! it is called via the `SysTick()` function, which is called
+//! directly from hardware.
+//!
+//! ``` no_run
+//! use clint::Handler;
+//! use cortex_m_rt::exception;
+//!
+//! static mut SYSTICK_HANDLER: Handler = Handler::new();
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     // NB: `closure` is in the lexical scope of `main`, and thus
+//!     // cannot go out of scope.
+//!     let closure = || {
+//!         // Your interrupt handling code.
+//!     };
+//!     // Replace the handler for SysTick with closure while interrupts are
+//!     // disabled.
+//!     cortex_m::interrupt::free(|_| {
+//!         unsafe { SYSTICK_HANDLER.replace(&closure) };
+//!     });
+//!
+//!     loop {
+//!         // Your main loop.
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! #[exception]
+//! fn SysTick() {
+//!     unsafe { SYSTICK_HANDLER.call() };
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+pub struct Handler {
+    // Handler that will be executed on `call`.
+    h: *const dyn FnMut(),
+}
+
+impl Handler {
+    /// Returns a new Handler that initially does nothing when
+    /// called. Override it's behavior by using `replace`.
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            h: &Self::default_handler,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Replace the behavior of this handler with `f`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// There is no exclusion on replacing the handler's behavior
+    /// while it is being executed. It is your responsibility to make
+    /// sure that it's not being executed when you call `replace`.
+    pub unsafe fn replace<F>(&mut self, f: &F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut() + 'static,
+    {
+        self.h = f;
+    }
+
+    /// Execute this handler.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// This function assumes that a replace is not occurring when the
+    /// closure is being looked up. You need to ensure that `replace`
+    /// and `call` can not occur at the same time.
+    pub unsafe fn call(&self) {
+        let f: &mut dyn FnMut() = &mut *(self.h as *mut dyn FnMut());
+        f();
+    }
+
+    /// Do nothing handler. Needed by `call` until `replace` is used
+    /// to set specific behavior. Can also be used to replace a
+    /// closure that is about to go out of scope.
+    pub fn default_handler() {}
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Handler {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        let (f0, f1) = unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<_, (usize, usize)>(self.h) };
+        write!(f, "Handler{{ h: (0x{:x}, 0x{:x}) }}", f0, f1)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    extern crate test;
+    use super::*;
+    use test::Bencher;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replace() {
+        static mut X: usize = 0;
+
+        let mut handler = Handler::new();
+        unsafe {
+            handler.replace(&|| X += 1);
+            assert_eq!(X, 0);
+            handler.call();
+            handler.call();
+            assert_eq!(X, 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replace_static() {
+        static mut HANDLER: Handler = Handler::new();
+        static mut X: usize = 0;
+
+        unsafe {
+            HANDLER.replace(&|| X += 1);
+            assert_eq!(X, 0);
+            HANDLER.call();
+            HANDLER.call();
+            assert_eq!(X, 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replace_with_default() {
+        let mut handler = Handler::new();
+        unsafe {
+            handler.replace(&Handler::default_handler);
+            handler.call()
+        }
+    }
+
+    const ITER_COUNT: usize = 10_000;
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_bare_fn(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        static mut X: usize = 0;
+        #[inline(never)]
+        fn inc() {
+            unsafe { X += 1 };
+        }
+
+        let n = test::black_box(ITER_COUNT);
+        b.iter(|| (0..n).for_each(|_| inc()));
+        assert!(unsafe { X } > 0);
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_handler(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        static mut X: usize = 0;
+        let mut handler = Handler::new();
+        unsafe { handler.replace(&move || X += 1) };
+
+        let n = test::black_box(ITER_COUNT);
+        b.iter(|| (0..n).for_each(|_| unsafe { handler.call() }));
+        assert!(unsafe { X } > 0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/compile-fail/mutable.rs b/tests/compile-fail/mutable.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e888503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compile-fail/mutable.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+extern crate clint;
+
+use clint::Handler;
+
+static mut HANDLER: Handler = Handler::new();
+
+fn main() {
+    need_move();
+    borrow_error();
+    no_borrow_needed();
+}
+
+fn need_move() {
+    let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
+    let c = || {
+        //~^ ERROR closure may outlive
+        println!("x(h-c): {:?}", x);
+    };
+    unsafe {
+        HANDLER.replace(&c);
+        HANDLER.call();
+        HANDLER.call();
+    }
+    println!("x(h-o): {:?}", x);
+}
+
+fn borrow_error() {
+    let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
+    let c = move || {
+        println!("x(h-c): {:?}", x);
+    };
+    unsafe {
+        HANDLER.replace(&c);
+        HANDLER.call();
+        HANDLER.call();
+    }
+    println!("x(h-o): {:?}", x); //~ ERROR borrow of moved value
+}
+
+fn no_borrow_needed() {
+    let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
+    let c = || {
+        println!("x(h-c): hi!");
+    };
+    unsafe {
+        HANDLER.replace(&c);
+        HANDLER.call();
+        HANDLER.call();
+    }
+    println!("x(h-o): {:?}", x);
+}
diff --git a/tests/tests.rs b/tests/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c295c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+fn run_mode(mode: &'static str) {
+    let mut config = compiletest_rs::Config::default();
+
+    config.mode = mode.parse().expect("invalid mode");
+    config.src_base = PathBuf::from(format!("tests/{}", mode));
+    config.target_rustcflags = Some("-L target/debug".to_string());
+    config.clean_rmeta();
+
+    compiletest_rs::run_tests(&config);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn compile_test() {
+    run_mode("compile-fail");
+}